Abstract: Railways are vital infrastructures whose design is complex and time-consuming. In addition to multiple conflicting objectives and highly-constrained search spaces, their design also faces great uncertainties. The aim of ...

Abstract: Construction investment and geological risk of a railway project are significantly influenced by the alignment design. Thus, for railways in earthquake-prone regions, the seismic risks should be addressed at the alignment ...

Abstract: Railway alignment optimization is a large-scale and time-consuming civil engineering problem. To solve it, a three-dimensional distance transform (3D-DT) algorithm, which is a variant of the three-dimensional Euclidean ...