Abstract: The structure of a meso-α-scale vortex that developed over the Great Lakes in late autumn is described. Understanding the structure of this particular vortex is important because 1) it altered local- and regional-scale ...

Abstract: Many studies have noted that cyclone development in the Great Lakes region during winter is the result of strong diabatic heating and low-level destabilization from the lakes. The exact mechanisms, however, by which this ...

Abstract: The steady boundary-layer responses that occur over the Great Lakes region during wintertime cold air outbreaks are examined using a two-dimensional, linear, analytic model. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is modeled ...

Abstract: A high-resolution numerical model is employed to examine effects of the Great Lakes aggregate, defined to be the five major Great Lakes, on regional and synoptic-scale weather. Simulations wherein the effects of the lakes ...

Abstract: A new idealized initialization technique has been developed for the Mesoscale Model version 5 modeling system. The technique allows the specification of baroclinic disturbances that feature vertical variations of the height, ...

Abstract: This study examines the frequency and intensity with which collective lake disturbances (COLDs) develop. These disturbances develop when cold air overspreads the Great Lakes region in winter. The heat and moisture that is ...

Abstract: The effects of a group (aggregate) of relatively warm circular meso-?-scale lakes on different flow regimes were investigated by conducting a series of idealized numerical experiments. This investigation was motivated by ...

Abstract: A synoptic climatology is presented of the precipitation mechanisms that affect the Great Lakes Basin. The focus is on fall because increasing precipitation in this season has contributed to record high lake levels since ...

Abstract: It is known that lake-effect snowstorms in the Great Lakes region depend on the synoptic-scale flow conditions. These conditions are determined in part by the synoptic-scale features that traverse the area. Forecasting the ...

Abstract: The impact of initializing a mesoscale model with additional sounding data over the Great Lakes region is investigated. As part of the Lake-Induced Convection Experiment (Lake-ICE) field study during the winter of 1997/98, ...