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RISCloud-Induced Infrared Radiative Heating and Its Implications for Large-Scale Tropical Circulations
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Three-dimensional global distributions of longwave radiative cooling for the summer of 1988 and the winter of 1989 are generated from radiative transfer calculations using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ...
Temperature–Moisture Biases in ECMWF Analyses Based on Clear Sky Longwave Simulations Constrained by SSMI and MSU Measurements and Comparisons to ERBE Estimates
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Clear sky longwave radiation fluxes for the summer of 1988 and winter of 1989 have been simulated with a radiative transfer model that includes detailed treatment of atmospheric gas absorption. The input data to the model ...
Water Vapor–Induced OLR Variations Associated with High Cloud Changes over the Tropics: A Study from Meteosat-5 Observations
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Subdividing the Indian Ocean domain into three areas: (i) a moist cloudy area due to tropical deep convection, (ii) a moist clear area fed by the evaporation of hydrometeors from adjacent high clouds, and (iii) a dry area ...
The Significance of Cloud–Radiative Forcing to the General Circulation on Climate Time Scales—A Satellite Interpretation
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Cloud?radiative forcing calculations based on Nimbus-7 radiation budget and cloudiness measurements reveal that cloud-induced longwave (LW) warming (cloud greenhouse influence) is dominant over the tropics, whereas ...
Intercomparison of Observed Cloud Radiative Forcing: A Zonal and Global Perspective
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Despite the general agreement that clouds cool the earth-atmosphere, there are substantial differences in estimated magnitudes of the annual global mean of cloud radiative forcing. Recent estimates of globally averaged net ...
The Modulation of the Low-Latitude Radiation Budget by Cloud and Surface Forcing on Interannual Time Scales
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The source and forcing mechanisms of radiation budget variability were examined over tropical latitudes by separating the variations into cloud- and surface-forced components. A zonal harmonic analysis of emitted longwave ...
Explaining Sources of Discrepancy in SSM/I Water Vapor Algorithms
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: This study examines a mix of seven statistical and physical Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave algorithms that were designed for retrieval of over-ocean precipitable water (PW). The aim is to understand ...
Two Heavy Rainfall Types over the Korean Peninsula in the Humid East Asian Summer Environment: A Satellite Observation Study
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: total of 10 years (2002?11) of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) reflectivities, signaling heavy rainfall (>10 mm h?1), were objectively classified by applying the K-means clustering method ...
Global Energy Transports and the Influence of Clouds on Transport Requirements—A Satellite Analysis
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: This study examines the impact of differential net radiative heating on two-dimensional energy transports within the atmosphere-ocean system and the role of clouds on this process. Nimbus-7 earth radiation budget data show ...
Energy Transports by Ocean and Atmosphere Based on an Entropy Extremum Principle. Part 1: Zonal Averaged Transports
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Required global energy transports determined from Nimbus-7 satellite net radiation measurements have been separated into atmospheric and oceanic components by applying a maximum entropy production principle to the atmospheric ...