Abstract: Thermal infrared radiation is so incorporated into the discrete ordinate method as to be usable in climate models. A source term for thermal infrared radiation contains up to the second derivative, set to be a constant, ...

Abstract: The effects of atmospheric spherical curvature and refraction and their impact on radiative transfer have been studied. It is shown that formulas employed in GCMs for atmospheric curvature and refraction underestimate the ...

Abstract: ecadal-time-scale responses of climate and the global carbon cycle to warming associated with rapid increases in atmospheric methane from a massive methane release from marine sedimentary methane hydrates are investigated ...

Abstract: AbstractThe future quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in ozone in the equatorial stratosphere is examined by analyzing transient climate simulations due to increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and decreasing ozone-depleting ...

Abstract: The simulation of major midwinter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in six stratosphere-resolving general circulation models (GCMs) is examined. The GCMs are compared to a new climatology of SSWs, based on the dynamical ...