Abstract: In this study, the seismic response of submerged slopes is evaluated using a coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)–discrete-element method (DEM) framework. In this technique, DEM particles represent the soil grains ...

Abstract: In this study, an analysis of soil–retaining wall dynamic interaction is conducted using three-dimensional discrete-element method (DEM) simulations. Soil grains are treated as rigid spherical particles that are allowed ...