Abstract: Starting with Arakawa and Lamb?s second-order C-grid scheme, this paper describes the modifications made to the dynamics to create a C-grid atmospheric model with a variable number of cells for each vertical column. Where ...

Abstract: The GISS coupled atmosphere?ocean model is used to investigate the effect of increased atmospheric CO2 by comparing a compounded 1% CO2 increase experiment with a control simulation. After 70 yr of integration, the global ...

Abstract: The annual energy budget of the Arctic Ocean is characterized by a net heat loss at the air?sea interface that is balanced by oceanic heat transport into the Arctic. Two 150-yr simulations (1950?2099) of a global climate ...

Abstract: A new finite-differencing scheme for solving the tracer transport equation given prescribed winds is presented. The prognostic quantities predicted by the new scheme are the mean concentration and its spatial gradients. ...

Abstract: The hydrologic cycle is a major part of the global climate system. There is an atmospheric flux of water from the ocean surface to the continents. The cycle is closed by return flow in rivers. In this paper a river routing ...

Abstract: A full description of the ModelE version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) and results are presented for present-day climate simulations (ca. 1979). This version ...