Abstract: Laboratory measurements of the rate of ice-crystal growth by sublimation are found to be in good agreement with Houghton's (1950) calculations. With use of Houghton's data for the growth of ice crystals at relatively warm ...

Abstract: The time of onset of the initial electrification in a thunderstorm cell has been correlated with the appearance of the initial radar (3 cm) precipitation-echo. The results show that precipitation is a necessary, but not ...

Abstract: The magnitude and location of the charge centers involved in lightning discharges can be determined from the value of the accompanying gradient change at seven points at the ground. Instrumentation, calibration, observation, ...

Abstract: No Abstract Available

Abstract: A description of the known physical properties of a thunderstorm reveals that active charge separation occurs during that stage of the storm's life-cycle in which the growth of graupel by the accretion of supercooled ...