Abstract: A problem associated with four-dimensional data assimilation in numerical models of the atmosphere is the excitation of spurious dynamical modes such as gravity-inertial waves. If the desired diagnostic restrictions on the ...

Abstract: Verification error covariance statistics for operational 12-hr prognoses of 300-mb heights and winds have been obtained. Based on these statistical data, optimal weightings on height and wind observations at a typical ...

Abstract: A straightforward method for estimating the spectral characteristics of spatially distributed fields is to collect a suitable quantity of station-to-station auto- and cross-covariance data, interpolate these onto a regular ...