Abstract: In addition to the inherent problem of accumulating errors of measurement of net radiation and subsurface heat flux, the Bowen ratio energy balance method often produces totally unacceptable sensible and latent heat fluxes: ...

Abstract: The close relationship between air temperature measured at standard screen level and the rate of melt on snow and ice has been widely used to estimate the rate of melt. The parameterization of the melt rate using air ...

Abstract: Longwave radiation in snow-covered alpine environments was investigated based on LOWTRAN7 calculations. The irradiance from the sky and from the surrounding topography were determined separately in order to detect the ...

Abstract: Vertical heat transport through thermal convection of the earth?s atmosphere is investigated from a thermodynamic viewpoint. The postulate for convection considered here is that the global-mean state of the atmosphere is ...

Abstract: A formula has been developed whereby variations in the shortwave radiation income on different slopes in any latitude can be easily determined from a knowledge of surface geometry and the sun's declination. This is achieved ...

Abstract: The changes in the surface energy fluxes calculated with a general circulation model under increased levels of carbon dioxide concentration are analyzed and related to the simulation of these fluxes under present-day ...

Abstract: A high-resolution GCM is found to simulate precipitation and surface energy balance of high latitudes with high accuracy. This opens new possibilities to investigate the future mass balance of polar glaciers and its effect ...

Abstract: The surface radiative fluxes of the ECHAM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) with T2 1, T42, and T 106 resolutions have been validated using observations from the Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA, World Climate Program-Water ...

Abstract: This work presents a new field goniospectrometer developed at the Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science (IAC) of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH; Switzerland). The goniospectrometer was built to study ...

Abstract: Solar radiation is one of the most important factors affecting climate and the environment. Routine measurements of irradiance are valuable for climate change research because of long time series and areal coverage. In ...