Abstract: The first part of this paper presents the description of the GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Atlantic Tropical Experiment 1 rain-rate data and its two-dimensional spectral and correlation characteristics, which ...

Abstract: An attempt to provide physical insight into the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) representation of data fields by the study of fields generated by linear stochastic models is presented in this paper. In a large class ...

Abstract: Simple climate models employing diffusive heat transport and ice cap albedo feedback have equilibrium solutions with no stable ice cap smaller than a certain finite size. For the usual parameters used in these models the ...

Abstract: A simple radiative balance climate model is presented which includes the ice feedback mechanism, zonal averaging, constant homogeneous cloudiness, and ordinary diffusive thermal heat transfer. The simplest version of the ...

Abstract: A class of mean annual, zonally averaged energy-balance climate models of the Budyko-Sellers type are studied by a spectral (expansion in Legendre polynomials) method. Models with constant thermal diffusion coefficient can ...

Abstract: In this paper both a microwave attenuation measurement along a horizontal line and multiple point gauge measurements are analyzed as possible ground-truth designs to validate satellite precipitation retrieval algorithms ...

Abstract: In this paper point gauges are used in an analysis of hypothetical ground validation experiments for satellite-based estimates of precipitation rates. The ground and satellite measurements are fundamentally different since ...

Abstract: Estimates of the amplitudes of the forced responses of the surface temperature field over the last century are provided by a signal processing scheme utilizing space?time empirical orthogonal functions for several combinations ...

Abstract: In this paper the authors consider the possibility of correlations between the random part of the so-called beam-filling error between neighboring fields of view in the microwave retrieval of rain rate over oceans. The ...

Abstract: Space-time averages of rain rates are needed in several applications. Nevertheless, they are difficult to estimate because the methods invariably leave gaps in the measurements in space or time. A formalism is developed ...