Abstract: A closure is proposed for the b parameter of Kuo (1974), using the framework developed by Krishnamurti et al. (1976). Emphasis is placed on the time-dependent behavior of the solutions. The proposed closure is found to be ...

Abstract: Rainfall rates determined from airborne radar and infrared satellite images are combined to construct a space- and time-dependent heating function for Hurricane Anita (1977). The heating is assimilated into a three-dimensional ...

Abstract: A formulation of Kuo's cumulus parameterization is described which satisfies arbitrary vertical profiles of apparent heat source (Q1) and apparent moisture sink (Q2). The approach requires little calculation, and for a ...

Abstract: The vertical structure of the interaction of Hurricane Elena (1985) with a baroclinic wave was evaluated using analyses from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting. During the period of interaction, ...

Abstract: AbstractAn objective definition of monsoon gyres in the northwest Pacific was developed in order to construct a gyre climatology. Over a 31-yr period, 53 gyres were identified with a median formation location at 16.5°N, ...

Abstract: Outflow layer winds were objectively analyzed every 12 h for 6 days during the life cycle of Hurricane Elena (1985). A high correlation was found between angular momentum fluxes by azimuthal eddies at large radii and central ...

Abstract: The previous study of helicity, CAPE, and shear in Hurricane Bonnie (1998) was extended to all eight tropical cyclones sampled by NASA during the Convection and Moisture Experiments (CAMEX). Storms were categorized as ...

Abstract: set of 327 dropsondes from the NOAA G-IV aircraft was used to create a composite analysis of the azimuthally averaged absolute angular momentum in the outflow layer of major Hurricane Ivan (2004). Inertial instability ...

Abstract: igh-vertical-resolution rawinsondes were used to document the existence of low?bulk Richardson number (Rb) layers in tropical cyclones. The largest frequency of low Rb existed in the inner 200 km at the 13.5-km level. This ...

Abstract: Current approaches for incorporating cumulus convection into mesoscale numerical models are divided into three groups. The traditional approach utilizes cumulus parameterization at convectively unstable points and explicit ...