Abstract: Daily congestion on transportation networks is the one of the biggest problems that city authorities face. Different strategies for transportation-demand management have been developed with the aim to decrease existing ...

Abstract: Transport networks in many cities are generally very seriously congested. Consequently, travel time, number of stops, unexpected delays, transport costs, level of air pollution, noise, and traffic accidents are increased. ...

Abstract: Bee colony optimization (BCO) is a relatively new metaheuristic designed to deal with hard combinatorial optimization problems. It belongs to the group of nature-inspired methods that explore collective intelligence applied ...