Abstract: The bridge spanning Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela, also known as General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, opened to traffic in 1962 and is frequently referred to as the first modern cable-stayed bridge with multiple spans. The structure ...

Abstract: Staged bridge deck construction is the practice whereby a portion of a bridge is left open to traffic while the closed portion is constructed, repaired, replaced, or widened. Traffic-induced deflections and vibrations ...