Abstract: Cutter runout is universal and inevitable in milling process and has a direct impact on the shape of the in-process geometry. However, most of the works on the cutter-workpiece engagement (CWE) extraction neglect the cutter ...

Abstract: In five-axis milling, the bottom edge of a flat end mill is probably involved in cutting when the lead angle of tool axis changes to negative. The mechanistic model will lose accuracy if the bottom edge cutting effect is ...