Abstract: The need for a very-long-span structure in sporting and industrial venues puts steel moment frames and braced frames at a disadvantage. In this regard, special truss moment frames (STMFs) can accommodate a large span by ...

Abstract: Hollow structural sections (HSSs) are highly efficient in resisting compression, torsion, and bending. Their high torsional rigidity generally eliminates lateral-torsional buckling (LTB), which in turn eliminates the need ...