Abstract: In this work, three-dimensional Euler–Lagrange (EL) point-particle simulations of a shock wave interacting with a fixed bed of particles are carried out. The results from the particle-resolved (PR) simulations are used to ...

Abstract: Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is an important step in the verification and validation of scientific computing. Validation can be inconclusive when uncertainties are larger than acceptable ranges for both simulation and ...