Abstract: The diffusion of chloride ions is one of the main factors that arouses steel corrosion in concrete. In this paper, a two-dimension cellular automaton (CA) model was developed to simulate the diffusion process of chloride ...

Abstract: This paper constructs a train routing model combined with a train scheduling problem, which is a 0–1 mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. Except for train route choice, the model considers a system of complicated ...

Abstract: With the urgent demand for real-time traffic information in Intelligent Transportation System, the installation of high-density detectors has been adopted, while the amount of investment has been sharply increased. So ...