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RISSupercooling at the Surface of an Arctic Lead
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Supercooling of the surface water on open leads in the Arctic Ocean has been suggested as a possible source of water for the observed subsurface freezing. Observations with an infrared radiometer at the shore-lead outside ...
Turbulent Free Convection in Fresh and Salt Water: Some Characteristics Revealed by Visualization
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Tracers were used to reveal the motions within the boundary layer on water in turbulent free convection. The technique of obtaining a thin sheet of light with an inexpensive laser and a cylindrical lens is suggested as a ...
Incorporation of Stratification Effects on the Oceanic Roughness Length in the Derivation of the Neutral Drag Coefficient
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Based on the assumption that, over the sea, the roughness length of the wind profile scales with the wind stress, a new formulation that describes the drag coefficient as a function of the given neutral drag coefficient ...
Supercooling at a Free Salt Water Surface in the Laboratory
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Sodium chloride solutions were cooled from above in the laboratory. Supercooling of the order of 1C was always observed at the surface prior to freezing. The magnitude of the supercooling varied and is inferred to be ...
The K-Gill: A Twin Propeller-Vane Anemometer for Measurements of Atmospheric Turbulence
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A twin propeller-vane anemometer developed at the University of British Columbia was successfully used for unattended measurements of atmospheric turbulence over extended periods of time during moderate to high winds in ...
On Irradiance Measurement Errors at Sea Due to Tilt of Pyranometers
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Calculations are made of errors in the measurement of solar irradiance at the sea surface. which occur when pyranometers are tilled. Tilts due to buoy or ship motion caused by wave action or a preferential tilt due to drag ...
Legacy of the Seasat Mission for Studies of the Atmosphere and Air-Sea-Ice Interactions
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The polar-orbiting satellite, Seasat, had been designed as an oceanographic satellite with little advance thought being given to atmospheric uses. However, the microwave instruments provided a rich source of data for ...
The Response of the SSM/I to the Marine Environment. Part II: A Parameterization of the Effect of the Sea Surface Slope Distribution on Emission and Reflection
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Based on a geometric optics model and the assumption of an isotropic Gaussian surface slope distribution, the component of ocean surface microwave emissivity variation due to large-scale surface roughness is parameterized ...
The Response of the SSM/I to the Marine Environment. Part I: An Analytic Model for the Atmospheric Component of Observed Brightness Temperatures
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A comprehensive closed-form parameterization has been developed for the contribution of the nonprecipitating marine atmosphere to microwave brightness temperatures observed by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). ...
Remote Determination of Cloud Liquid Water Path from Bandwidth-Limited Shortwave Measurements
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A method of determining cloud liquid water path is developed using shortwave spectral measurements. The attenuation of shortwave radiant fluxes is due to scattering and absorption in the near-infrared band, but is caused ...