Abstract: A prognostic closure is introduced to, and evaluated in, NOAA’s Unified Forecast System. The closure addresses aspects that are not commonly represented in traditional cumulus convection parameterizations, and it departs ...

Abstract: Observational evidence of two extratropical pathways to forcing tropical convective disturbances is documented through a statistical analysis of satellite-derived OLR and ERA5 reanalysis. The forcing mechanism and the ...

Abstract: Tropical precipitation and circulation are often coupled and span a vast spectrum of scales from a few to several thousands of kilometers and from hours to weeks. Current operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) ...

Abstract: This technical note presents the results of a study focused on the evaluation of laser beam divergence and its effect on the spot size of terrestrial laser scanners. For this purpose, experiments were accomplished using ...