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Optimal Estimation of Initial Conditions for Numerical Prediction
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A numerical-statistical forecasting method is presented in which statistical techniques art used on the errors of numerical predictions. This, in effect, uses earlier numerical predictions to obtain best estimates of the ...
Spectral Analysis and Linear Prediction of Meteorological Time Series
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A method of estimating the spectral density of the nondeterministic component of a meteorological time series which is uncontaminated by the periodic mean variations is presented. This method does not require knowledge of ...
A NONLINEAR MODEL FOR ESTIMATING PROBABILITIES OF k EVENTS
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Equations are derived for the estimation of the parameters in a nonlinear model for the probability of more than two mutually exclusive and exhaustive events. The estimated probabilities are between zero and one and sum ...
Prediction of Multivariate Time Series
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A method of linear prediction of stationary multivariate time series is discussed from the point of view of meteorological applications. Tests of significance are given and it is shown by examples that the method is practical ...
An Experiment in Non-Linear Prediction
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The role of statistics in numerical weather prediction should be to aid in the handling of random errors and disturbances. The actual prediction is a problem in dynamics. When the initial conditions are observed with error, ...
Aliasing with Unequally Spaced Observations
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Data analysis with unequally spaced observations is approached by assuming that a finite number of observations are available at known locations in space or time. No assumptions are made about the distribution of the station ...
Estimation of Spatial Wavenumber Spectra and Falloff Rate with Unequally Spaced Observations
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A maximum likelihood estimation procedure is developed for estimating the spatial wavenumber spectrum and falloff slope for a stationary process on a circle when multiple realizations are available at the same unequally ...
On Estimating the Variance of Time Averages
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: This note corrects two misprints and a degrees of freedom error in a recent paper on estimating the variance of time averages, and suggests an alternative method for estimating the spectral density near zero frequency on ...
Estimating the Variance of Time Averages
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The variance of a time average of a stationary time series depends on the spectral density near frequency zero rather than on the variance of the process. Equations are given for estimating the variance of a time average ...
Rainfall Trends in Hawaii
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A recent study in Queensland, Australia, associates long-term downward trends in rain amount with the productivity of the sugarcane industry. The relationship is attributed to an increasing colloidal stability in the clouds ...