Abstract: Shipborne observations obtained with the NOAA high-resolution Doppler lidar (HRDL) during the 1999 Nauru (Nauru99) campaign were used to study the structure of the marine boundary layer (MBL) in the tropical Pacific Ocean. ...

Abstract: Observations of the atmospheric state include scales of motion that are not resolved by numerical models into which the observed data are assimilated. The resulting observation error due to unresolved scales, part of the ...

Abstract: tarting from three Eulerian second-order nonlinear advection schemes for semi-staggered Arakawa grids B/E, advection schemes of fourth order of formal accuracy were developed. All three second-order advection schemes control ...

Abstract: his paper considers the incorporation of constraints to enforce physically based conservation laws in the ensemble Kalman filter. In particular, constraints are used to ensure that the ensemble members and the ensemble ...

Abstract: n recent years, several ensemble-based Kalman filter algorithms have been developed that have been classified as ensemble square root Kalman filters. Parallel to this development, the singular ?evolutive? interpolated ...

Abstract: nsemble Kalman filter methods are typically used in combination with one of two localization techniques. One technique is covariance localization, or direct forecast error localization, in which the ensemble-derived forecast ...

Abstract: n 2011, the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development laid the foundation of the Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research [Hans-Ertel-Zentrum für Wetterforschung (HErZ)] in order to better connect ...