Abstract: The heat budget of a model that realistically simulate the 1982?83 El Niño indicates that the enormous changes in the winds during that event failed to disrupt the usual seasonal variations in meridional heat transport. ...

Abstract: A general circulation model of the tropical Pacific Ocean, which realistically simulates El Niño of 1982?83, has been used to determine how different initial conditions affect the model. Given arbitrary initial conditions ...

Abstract: In a general circulation model of the tropical Pacific Ocean forced with climatological seasonally varying winds, equatorial upwelling and downwelling in adjacent latitudes play central roles in closing the oceanic ...