Abstract: he large decrease in Arctic sea ice in recent years has triggered a strong interest in Arctic sea ice predictions on seasonal-to-decadal time scales. Hence, it is important to understand physical processes that provide ...

Abstract: An efficient method to optimize the parameter values of the subgrid parameterizations of an atmospheric general circulation model is described. The method is based on the downhill simplex minimization of a cost function ...

Abstract: Substantial interannual to decadal variability is observed in the properties of subtropical mode water of the North Atlantic. In this study the response of mode water to stochastic atmospheric forcing is investigated in a ...

Abstract: Subduction is the process by which fluid transfers from the mixed layer to the interior of the ocean. South of the Gulf Stream extension, 18° mode water is formed in a region of high subduction rates. In this region there ...

Abstract: Signal-to-noise patterns for the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) have been calculated for an ensemble of greenhouse scenario runs. The greenhouse-forced signal has been defined as the linear trend in ensemble-mean ...

Abstract: The response of mode water formation to typical atmospheric forcing anomalies is studied as a possible mechanism for generating the observed interannual to decadal variability in mode water. An isopycnal model of the North ...

Abstract: The transformation of water masses induced by air?sea fluxes in the South Atlantic Ocean is calculated with a global ocean model, Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced Modeling (OCCAM), and has been compared with several ...

Abstract: The mechanisms for Bjerknes compensation of heat transport variations through the atmosphere and ocean on decadal time scales are investigated, using data output from a preindustrial control run of the Third Hadley Centre ...

Abstract: The performance of coupled climate models (CCMs) in simulating the hydrographic structure and variability of the northwestern North Atlantic Ocean, in particular the Labrador and Irminger Seas, has been assessed. This area ...

Abstract: entury-scale global near-surface temperature trends in response to rising greenhouse gas concentrations in climate models vary by almost a factor of 2, with greatest intermodel spread in the Arctic region where sea ice is ...