Abstract: Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) develops as a result of traumatic loading that causes tears of the soft tissues in the knee. A modified transection model, where the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and both menisci ...

Abstract: High-speed flows with shock waves impinging on turbulent boundary layers pose severe challenge to current computational methods and models. Specifically, the peak wall heat flux is grossly overpredicted by Reynolds-averaged ...