Abstract: Although potential vorticity (PV) is central to many theories of the oceanic circulation, the entry?exit of PV at the sea surface has not been thoroughly discussed from an observational perspective. After clarifying the ...

Abstract: ea surface temperature (SST) air?sea feedback strengths and associated decay time scales in the Southern Ocean (SO) are estimated from observations and reanalysis datasets of SST, air?sea heat fluxes, and ocean mixed layer ...