Abstract: The problem of extracting directional spectra from observed, multi-component wave data has two facets: 1) the observations provide information only on a finite number of integral properties of the wave field; hence the ...

Abstract: The sensitivity of the global ocean circulation to changes in surface heat flux forcing is studied using the Hamburg Large Scale Geostrophic (LSG) ocean circulation model. The simulated mean ocean circulation for appropriately ...

Abstract: A strategy using statistically optimal fingerprints to detect anthropogenic climate change is outlined and applied to near-surface temperature trends. The components of this strategy include observations, information about ...

Abstract: This paper reviews recent research that assesses evidence for the detection of anthropogenic and natural external influences on the climate. Externally driven climate change has been detected by a number of investigators ...