Abstract: The theoretical investigations presented in this paper show that the various definitions of potential temperatures, such as the potential temperature of dry air and of moist air, the equivalent potential temperature, the ...

Abstract: n this study a straightforward theoretical approach to determining the flash rate in thunderstorms is presented. A two-plate capacitor represents the basic dipole charge structure of a thunderstorm, which is charged by the ...

Abstract: n Part I of this two-part paper a new method of predicting the total lightning flash rate in thunderstorms was introduced. In this paper, the implementation of this method into the convection-permitting Consortium for Small ...

Abstract: High-resolution aircraft turbulence measurements, well coordinated with radar Doppler spectral width measurements, have been used to verify radar-estimated energy dissipation rates within thunderstorms anvils. The ...