Abstract: A new form of the linear, quasi-geostrophic model is derived on a sphere. The new feature is the use of empirically defined orthogonal basis functions (OBFs) to represent the vertical structure of the perturbation solutions. ...

Abstract: A preliminary investigation into the dynamical effects produced by the tropopause upon a mid-latitude wave cyclone is described. This article describes linear effects since the various structures of a fixed tropopause are ...

Abstract: The observed vertical structures of the trough axes for 27 extratropical cyclones are presented. This study is motivated by results from a simple theoretical model. Two observing times during the cyclone life cycle are ...

Abstract: All terms of the frictionless, nonlinear, vorticity equation are examined. Traditional scale analysis provides one of several justifications for using the quasigeostrophic (QG) system of equations to model extratropical ...

Abstract: The properties of wavelike eddies imbedded in zonal flows containing vertical and horizontal shear are examined via an analytical model of a midlatitude cyclone. The model combines and extends some work by several previous ...

Abstract: At least six waterspouts occurred at a large alpine lake in the western United States over several hours during 26 September 1998. Photographs showing the conditions as well as representative examples of this extremely ...

Abstract: An earlier article deduced a doubling of the scale of the sea level pressure pattern for lows as they developed in the North Pacific. Scale here refers to horizontal extent of the low. This study uses a different technique ...

Abstract: Extraordinary weather events in the Sacramento, California, region are examined using a simple compositing technique. The extraordinary events identified are uncommon and the worst of their kind, but not necessarily severe. ...

Abstract: The linear instability of a zonal flow passing over a large-scale mountain, having one of two orientations and two shapes, is considered via an eigenvalue/eigenvector problem using spherical coordinates in a quasi-geostrophic ...