Abstract: The analysis of Emanuel et al. is repeated for the linearized primitive equations. The consideration of the Rossby number is shown to reduce growth rates and increase the width of updrafts. The singularity exhibited by the ...

Abstract: Numerical experiments using a two-dimensional primitive-equation nonhydrostatic model with idealized thermodynamics are performed to study the behavior of baroclinic waves in an environment that is saturated and subject ...

Abstract: A study of baroclinic instability in the presence of moisture is performed with a primitive equation nonhydrostatic two-dimensional numerical model. A new assumption regarding the meridional structure of the perturbation ...

Abstract: A three-dimensional quasigeostrophic model in which the base state is neutral to moist symmetric stability, following Emanuel et al., is used to obtain the experimental result that the two-dimensional moist Eady waves are ...

Abstract: A primitive equation model, in which latent heat release is represented by a small static stability for all ascending air, is used to examine the early stages of nonlinear evolution of moist baroclinic waves, before finite ...

Abstract: Numerical experiments that compare the life cycles of baroclinic cyclones in either a dry or a saturated atmosphere in Cartesian geometry are performed starting from a jetlike mean initial state designed to maximize the ...

Abstract: We investigate B. Farrell's hypothesis that the development of a surface cyclone with the passage of an upper trough, as observed by S. Pettessen and coworkers, may be understood in terms of an initial-value problem on the ...

Abstract: Humidity stratification may affect baroclinic wave growth by inducing vertical confinement in the layer where small amplitude updrafts are saturated. By means of a two-dimensional numerical model the authors show that small ...

Abstract: Idealized numerical experiments, supported by analytic considerations, are performed to determine the preferred direction of symmetric instability when water loading is considered. It is concluded that the most unstable ...

Abstract: The role of baroclinic eddies in transferring thermal gradients laterally, and thus determining the stratification of the ocean, is examined. The hypothesis is that the density differences imposed at the surface by ...