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RISMeteorological Value of Ground Target Measurements by Radar
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Many characteristics of radar echoes from ground targets vary with time as the properties of the atmosphere in which the radar waves propagate evolve. For example, if the phase of a target varies with time and the target ...
For How Long Should What Data Be Assimilated for the Mesoscale Forecasting of Convection and Why? Part II: On the Observation Signal from Different Sensors
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The ability of data assimilation to correct for initial conditions depends on the presence of a usable signal in the variables observed as well as on the capability of instruments to detect that signal. In Part I, the ...
The Spatial Variability of Moisture in the Boundary Layer and Its Effect on Convection Initiation: Project-Long Characterization
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: An attempt was made to statistically gauge the importance of moisture variability on convection initiation by analyzing data collected by radar, surface stations, soundings, and airborne in situ sensors over the 7 weeks ...
Long-Term Radar Observations of the Melting Layer of Precipitation and Their Interpretation
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: In this study, 600 h of vertically pointing X-band radar data and 50 h of UHF boundary layer wind profiler data were processed and analyzed to characterize quantitatively the structure and the causes of the radar signature ...
Modeling of the Melting Layer. Part II: Electromagnetic
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: To complement the meteorological modeling of the melting layer, a model of the scattering properties at microwave frequencies for snow, melting snow, and rain is implemented. The scattering model, running in tandem with a ...
For How Long Should What Data Be Assimilated for the Mesoscale Forecasting of Convection and Why? Part I: On the Propagation of Initial Condition Errors and Their Implications for Data Assimilation
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Data assimilation is used among other things to constrain the initial conditions of weather forecasting models by fitting the model fields to observations made over a certain time interval. In particular, it tries to tie ...
Simulation and Interpretation of the Phase Data Used by the Radar Refractivity Retrieval Algorithm
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The radar refractivity retrieval algorithm applied to radar phase measurements from ground targets can provide high-resolution, near-surface moisture estimates in time and space. The reliability of the retrieval depends ...
Real-Time Radar Reflectivity Calibration from Differential Phase Measurements
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: n algorithm based on the self-consistency between the horizontal reflectivity ZH and the specific differential phase KDP has been devised for the calibration of the reflectivity measurements of the McGill S-band dual-polarization ...
Why Scanning Instruments Are a Necessity for Constraining Temperature and Humidity Fields in the Lower Atmosphere
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: he ability of different ground-based measurement strategies for constraining thermodynamic variables in the troposphere, particularly at the mesoscale, is investigated. First, a preliminary assessment of the capability of ...
Estimation of Near-Ground Propagation Conditions Using Radar Ground Echo Coverage
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The vertical gradient of refractivity (dN/dh) determines the path of the radar beam; namely, the larger the negative values of the refractivity gradient, the more the beam bends toward the ground. The variability of the ...