Abstract: The present paper presents results of a live‐load survey in office buildings. A live‐load model for the calculation of lifetime maximum total load is calibrated by using the Sydney survey data. Loading characteristics for ...

Abstract: Loads due to extraordinary events are investigated using data from the Sydney live‐load survey. A total of 1,989 extraordinary events of normal crowding, emergency crowding, and furniture stacking are studied. Parameters ...

Abstract: An empirical equation is derived for horizontal drains. The equation is based on results of finite element analysis and verified by a set of laboratory experiments. The empirical equation provides a simple and quick way ...

Abstract: One of the primary functions of the external envelope of a building is to protect its inside from wind and rain and to give a desirable environment to its occupants. It is important that building envelopes should be ...