Abstract: A review of existing literature is made to determine typical values for the physical properties cirrus clouds. The properties examined (with typical values and measured ranges) are cloud-center altitude (9 km, 4 to 20 km), ...

Abstract: A variety of skinfriction drag reduction (FDR) methods for turbulent boundary layer (TBL) flows are reviewed. Both passive and active methods of drag reduction are discussed, along with a review of the fundamental processes ...