Abstract: The three-dimensional structure of the annual-mean equatorial planetary waves in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is documented. The features in the free atmosphere are predominantly equatorially symmetric, driven by ...

Abstract: The annual march of the climatological mean meridional circulations (MMCs) in the NCEP?NCAR reanalyses is dominated by two components of roughly comparable mean-squared amplitude: 1) a seasonally invariant pair of ?Hadley ...

Abstract: The seasonal cycle of the zonal-mean zonal momentum balance in the Tropics is investigated using NCEP reanalysis data. It is found that the climatological stationary waves in the tropical upper troposphere, which are ...

Abstract: In the recent literature, considerable attention has been paid to the relationship between climate signals and tropical cyclone activity. Much of the research has focused on Atlantic Ocean basin activity while less attention ...