Abstract: Solar zenith angle-dependent surface albedo is determined by equating top of the atmosphere (TOA) albedo evaluated from Nimbus-7 data with TOA albedo predicted by a two-layer, two-stream radiative transfer model of the ...

Abstract: Solar radiative fluxes for broken, cumuloform cloud fields are examined from the point of view of subgrid parameterization for general circulation models (GCMs). A simple stochastic scaling model is used to simulate extensive ...

Abstract: A statistical bidirectional method for including the effects of underlying reflecting surfaces in Monte Carlo simulations of atmospheric photon transport is presented. It is illustrated for the idealized Lambertian surface ...

Abstract: A set of bi-directional reflectance models is presented for various atmospheric scene types. The models were composited from data collected from an aircraft platform in May-July 1979 during Summer MONEX. The space scale ...

Abstract: The results are presented from a careful, systematic search for reports of stratospheric clouds over the period 1870?1972. For the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, a total of 156 dates are listed on which mother-of-pearl ...

Abstract: The results of a laboratory experiment are presented that provide additional verification of the methodology adapted for simulation of the radiances reflected from fields of optically thick clouds using the Cloud Field ...

Abstract: loud screening of direct-beam solar radiation is an essential step for in situ calibration and atmospheric properties retrieval. The internal cloud screening module of a Langley analysis program [Langley Analyzer (LA)] ...

Abstract: Analyses of bidirectional reflectance data are presented with implications regarding the spatial scales appropriate for inferring irradiances from radiances reflected by various surface?atmosphere scenes. Multiple-angle ...

Abstract: Conditions for icing on roads beneath bridges under overcast skies are investigated with a surface energy balance model. The model accounts for sensible and latent heat exchange between the road and atmosphere conduction ...

Abstract: A model which includes the effects of water vapor and droplet absorption in finite cloud radiative transfer calculations is described. The effect of absorption on the directional reflectance values of finite clouds and ...