Abstract: ssessment of the upper-ocean (0?700 m) heat content (OHC) is a key task for monitoring climate change. However, irregular spatial and temporal distribution of historical subsurface observations has induced uncertainties ...

Abstract: he choice of climatology is an essential step in calculating the key climate indicators, such as historical ocean heat content (OHC) change. The anomaly field is required during the calculation and is obtained by subtracting ...

Abstract: complete map of the ocean subsurface temperature is essential for monitoring aspects of climate change such as the ocean heat content (OHC) and sea level changes and for understanding the dynamics of the ocean/climate ...

Abstract: ystematic biases in historical expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data are examined using two datasets: 4151 XBT?CTD side-by-side pairs from 1967 to 2011 and 218 653 global-scale XBT?CTD pairs (within one month and 1°) ...

Abstract: A new technique to estimate three major biases of XBT probes (improper fall rate, start-up transient, and pure temperature error) has been developed. Different from the well-known and standard ?temperature error free? ...

Abstract: ecause they make up 56% of ocean temperature profile data between 1967 and 2001, quantifying the biases in expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data is fundamental to understanding the evolution of the planetary energy and ...

Abstract: AbstractOcean meridional heat transports (MHTs) are deduced as a residual using energy budgets to produce latitude versus time series for the globe, Indo-Pacific, and Atlantic. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation is ...