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RISCloud-Induced Infrared Radiative Heating and Its Implications for Large-Scale Tropical Circulations
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Three-dimensional global distributions of longwave radiative cooling for the summer of 1988 and the winter of 1989 are generated from radiative transfer calculations using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ...
Temperature–Moisture Biases in ECMWF Analyses Based on Clear Sky Longwave Simulations Constrained by SSMI and MSU Measurements and Comparisons to ERBE Estimates
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Clear sky longwave radiation fluxes for the summer of 1988 and winter of 1989 have been simulated with a radiative transfer model that includes detailed treatment of atmospheric gas absorption. The input data to the model ...
Water Vapor–Induced OLR Variations Associated with High Cloud Changes over the Tropics: A Study from Meteosat-5 Observations
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Subdividing the Indian Ocean domain into three areas: (i) a moist cloudy area due to tropical deep convection, (ii) a moist clear area fed by the evaporation of hydrometeors from adjacent high clouds, and (iii) a dry area ...
Synthesis of Actively Adjustable Springs by Antagonistic Redundant Actuation
Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Abstract: A methodology for active spring generation is presented based on antagonistic redundant actuation. Antagonistic properties are characterized using an effective system stiffness. “Antagonistic stiffness” ...
Modeling and Analysis of Parallel Mechanisms With Both Kinematic and Actuation Redundancies Via Screw Theory
Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Abstract: Two kinds of mechanical redundancies, namely kinematic redundancy and actuation redundancy, have been extensively studied due to their advantageous features in autonomous industry. Screw theory has been successfully applied ...
The Significance of Cloud–Radiative Forcing to the General Circulation on Climate Time Scales—A Satellite Interpretation
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Cloud?radiative forcing calculations based on Nimbus-7 radiation budget and cloudiness measurements reveal that cloud-induced longwave (LW) warming (cloud greenhouse influence) is dominant over the tropics, whereas ...
Intercomparison of Observed Cloud Radiative Forcing: A Zonal and Global Perspective
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Despite the general agreement that clouds cool the earth-atmosphere, there are substantial differences in estimated magnitudes of the annual global mean of cloud radiative forcing. Recent estimates of globally averaged net ...
The Modulation of the Low-Latitude Radiation Budget by Cloud and Surface Forcing on Interannual Time Scales
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The source and forcing mechanisms of radiation budget variability were examined over tropical latitudes by separating the variations into cloud- and surface-forced components. A zonal harmonic analysis of emitted longwave ...
Explaining Sources of Discrepancy in SSM/I Water Vapor Algorithms
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: This study examines a mix of seven statistical and physical Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave algorithms that were designed for retrieval of over-ocean precipitable water (PW). The aim is to understand ...
Two Heavy Rainfall Types over the Korean Peninsula in the Humid East Asian Summer Environment: A Satellite Observation Study
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: total of 10 years (2002?11) of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) reflectivities, signaling heavy rainfall (>10 mm h?1), were objectively classified by applying the K-means clustering method ...