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RISSensitivity of a GCM Simulation to Inclusion of Inland Water Surfaces
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A land surface model that includes a subgrid parameterization for inland water (lake, swamp, marsh) was coupled to a modified version of the NCAR CCM2. The coupled model was run for 5 yr with and without inland water subgrid ...
Observational Evidence for Reduction of Daily Maximum Temperature by Croplands in the Midwest United States
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Climate model simulations have shown that conversion of natural forest vegetation to croplands in the United States cooled climate. The cooling was greater for daily maximum temperature than for daily minimum temperature, ...
The Land Surface Climatology of the NCAR Land Surface Model Coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Land Surface Model (LSM, version 1.0) provides a comprehensive treatment of land surface processes for the NCAR Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3). It replaces the ...
Simulating Springtime Temperature Patterns in the Community Atmosphere Model Coupled to the Community Land Model Using Prognostic Leaf Area
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Observations show that emergence of foliage in springtime slows surface air temperature warming as a result of greater transpiration. Model simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model coupled to the Community Land Model ...
Evaluating Aspects of the Community Land and Atmosphere Models (CLM3 and CAM3) Using a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The Community Land Model version 3 (CLM3) Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (CLM?DGVM) is used diagnostically to identify land and atmospheric model biases that lead to biases in the simulated vegetation. The CLM?DGVM driven ...
The Effects of Remotely Sensed Plant Functional Type and Leaf Area Index on Simulations of Boreal Forest Surface Fluxes by the NCAR Land Surface Model
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The land surface models used with atmospheric models typically characterize landscapes in terms of generalized biome types. However, the advent of high?spatial resolution satellite-derived data products such as land cover ...
Soil Moisture Feedbacks to Precipitation in Southern Africa
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The effects of increased soil moisture on wet season (October?March) precipitation in southern Africa are investigated using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). In the CTRL case, soil moisture is allowed ...
Influence of Subgrid-Scale Heterogeneity in Leaf Area Index, Stomatal Resistance, and Soil Moisture on Grid-Scale Land–Atmosphere Interactions
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The statistical representation of multiple land surfaces within a grid cell has received attention as a means to parameterize the nonlinear effects of subgrid-scale heterogeneity on land-atmosphere energy exchange. However, ...
Separating the Impact of Individual Land Surface Properties on the Terrestrial Surface Energy Budget in both the Coupled and Uncoupled Land–Atmosphere System
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: AbstractChanges in the land surface can drive large responses in the atmosphere on local, regional, and global scales. Surface properties control the partitioning of energy within the surface energy budget to fluxes of ...
The Partitioning of Evapotranspiration into Transpiration, Soil Evaporation, and Canopy Evaporation in a GCM: Impacts on Land–Atmosphere Interaction
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Although the global partitioning of evapotranspiration (ET) into transpiration, soil evaporation, and canopy evaporation is not well known, most current land surface schemes and the few available observations indicate that ...