Abstract: Low-level outlets are key safety elements of reservoir dams, especially for structures with high heads. Their main purpose is the regulation and—if required—rapid drawdown of the reservoir water level in case of maintenance ...

Abstract: Aeration occurs in many natural and human-made flows and must be considered in engineering design. In water infrastructure, air–water flows can be violent and of very high velocity. To date, most fundamental research and ...

Abstract: Engineered step-pool sequences made from natural blocks to imitate the step-pool morphology of steep streams represent a nature-based alternative to concrete check dams. They potentially improve ecology and reduce construction ...