Abstract: A positive 700-hPa Pacific-North America (PNA) circulation index in December 1989 was replaced by a negative PNA index in January and February 1990. This circulation pattern reversal was associated with an anomaly reversal ...

Abstract: Annual seasonal average ice cover from 1973 to 2002 and associated dates of first ice, last ice, and ice duration are presented and discussed. The annual seasonal average ice cover of each Great Lake is used to define three ...

Abstract: General regional and temporal trends in maximum freezing degree-days (FDD's) are identified for the shore zone of the Great Lakes Basin for the 80 winter periods 1897?1977. The cumulative frequency distribution of FDD's ...

Abstract: Prediction of Great Lakes ice cover is important for winter operations and planning activities. Current 30-day forecasts use accumulated freezing degree-days (AFDDs) to identify similar historical events and associated ice ...

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if the Niagara River ice boom has prolonged the Lake Erie ice cover at Buffalo, New York, resulting in significant changes in the spring warm-up of Lake Erie and longer, colder ...

Abstract: An extreme low-water supply episode from 1997 to 2000 resulted in the largest 1-yr drop in Lakes Michigan?Huron and Lake Erie water levels (0.92 and 1.03 m, respectively) recorded since measurements began in the early ...

Abstract: The Laurentian Great Lakes developed their most extensive ice cover in over a decade during winter 1994 [December-February 1993/94 (DJF 94)]. Extensive midlake ice formation started the second half of January, about 2 weeks ...

Abstract: Winter 1983 was one of the mildest winters in the past 200 years. One result of the unusual winter weather was the mildest overall ice season on the Great Lakes since systematic observations of ice cover extent on the Lakes ...