Abstract: ctive and total whitecap fractions quantify the spatial extent of oceanic whitecaps in different lifetime stages. Total whitecap fraction W includes both the dynamic foam patches of the initial breaking and the static foam ...

Abstract: The wind tearing of breaking wave crests produces spume drops. The authors report preliminary laboratory data from direct and unambiguous observation of this process under various wind conditions using a video imaging ...

Abstract: ct available.

Abstract: In November 2019 an international science team of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) met to discuss the challenge of developing a community reference-quality ocean emission and reflection model for use across ...