Abstract: Scour is one of the most relevant causes of bridge collapse. Most existing scour models have been focused on estimating scour depth as input for bridge design. This estimation is mainly deterministic. Parameter uncertainty ...

Abstract: United States highway agencies use best-value procurement with a fixed price to select design builders. This method enables public agencies to choose the best proposer by assessing several factors in addition to price. ...

Abstract: In best-value procurement, current practice shows that cost is frequently more influential than noncost factors, and consequently, the lowest bidder is chosen in most cases; thus, a best-value selection is not achieved. ...