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Fractional Cloudiness and Cloud-Top Entrainment Instability
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Temperature and moisture profiles from soundings obtained over the central Atlantic during the Atlantic Trade-Wind Experiment were used to determine if cloud-top entrainment instability can explain observed variations in ...
Parameterization of Trade-Cumulus Cloud Amounts
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A scheme for parameterizing the fractional cloud coverage of trade cumuli is developed which gives the cloud cover in terms of the cloud-layer relative humidity and the liquid water content of the convective elements. This ...
A Cumulus Parameterization for Climate Studies of the Tropical Atmosphere. Part I: Model Formulation and Sensitivity Tests
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A scheme for parameterizing the effects of cumulus convection for the maintenance of the thermodynamic structure of the tropical atmosphere is described. This parameterization is used in a one-dimensional model that ...
A Model of the Thermodynamic Structure of the Trade-Wind Boundary Layer: Part II. Applications
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Several applications of a simple layered model of the temperature and moisture structure of the trade-wind boundary layer are considered. The formation of the trade inversion in the wake of disturbed conditions is simulated. ...
A Mean-Gradient Model of the Dry Convective Boundary Layer
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A mean-gradient model of the dry convective boundary layer is developed using a convective mass flux representation of the turbulent fluxes. A top-hat model of thermals is used to represent the average characteristics of ...
Observations of Cloud-Top Entrainment in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Measurements of the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of entrainment events in marine stratocumulus are used to explain why cloud-top entrainment instability may not lead to the breakup of the clouds and to define the ...
A Stratocumulus Model with an Internal Circulation
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: An updraft and downdraft circulation model based on a mass flux representation of convective fluxes is incorporated into a classic cloud-topped, mixed layer model. The convective mass flux is assumed to be proportional to ...
Spatial Variability of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Variations in the atmospheric boundary layer structure over the eastern equatorial Pacific are analyzed using 916 soundings collected during the First Global Atmospheric Research Program Global Experiment. Unstable boundary ...
Conserved Variable Analysis of the Convective Boundary Layer Thermodynamic Structure over the Tropical Oceans
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: An analysis of FGGE dropwindsonde data using conserved thermodynamic variables shows mixing line structures for the convective boundary layer over the equatorial Pacific. Deeper boundary layers show a double structure. ...
Surface-Based Observations of Mesoscale Cumulus–Stratocumulus Interaction during ASTEX
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Data obtained from the island of Santa Maria in the Azores, during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) are used to describe cloud and boundary-layer structure for a 24-h period on 15 June 1992 over the ...