Methods for Optimizing Activated Materials for Removing Fluoride from Drinking Water Sources

Abstract

This paper presents the results from amending eucalyptus wood char with the following metal salts: aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, iron (II) chloride, and iron (III) nitrate. The results show that amending wood char with metal salts, which precipitate from the solution as metal oxides and amend the char surfaces, increases the ability of the wood char to remove fluoride from drinking water. Wood char alone has a