Accounting for Conceptual Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Modeling Uncertainty in the APEX Model Using Bayesian Model Averaging

Abstract

The effects of soil erosion and sedimentation are important for natural resources conservation planning. However, although tremendous resources have been invested in developing more erosion models, the prevailing modeling studies are relying on a single model due to various reasons. The Agricultural Policy Environmental Extender (APEX) provides multiple water erosion equations. This study tests and evaluates the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) scheme on sediment predictions based on four water erosion methods in the APEX model using data from two watersheds. The APEX hydrology and soil erosion and sedimentation components were calibrated simultaneously using the APEX autocalibration tool APEX-CUTE. The BMA scheme is employed to obtain consensus predictions by weighing individual predictions based on their probabilistic likelihood measures. Simulated monthly flow was satisfactory for both the calibration and validation periods, with BMA resulting in Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values from 0.56 to 0.87 and percent bias (PBIAS) within