Model Tests and 3D Finite Element Simulations of Uplift Resistance of Shallow Rectangular Anchor Foundations

Abstract

Anchor foundations of various embedment ratios, shapes, and sizes are frequently used in civil engineering structures to provide uplift resistance. Therefore, to achieve economic and safe design of such foundations, engineers should understand the failure mechanism associated with them. In the present study, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model incorporating an elastoplastic material model coupled with the isotropic strain-softening law, the nonassociated flow rule, and the shear-band effect, is used to investigate the failure mechanisms of vertically uploaded shallow rectangular anchor foundations buried in dense Toyoura sand. Satisfactory agreement was found between the experimental and numerical uplift resistance-displacement factor relationships. In particular, the peak uplift resistance, response stiffness, and passive plastic zone development are found to be functions of the embedment ratio, shape, and size. However, previous design approaches cannot capture the size effect on the peak uplift resistance factor of the rectangular anchor foundation.