Prioritizing Method for Retrofitting Toronto’s Single-Family Housing Stock to Reduce Heating and Cooling Loads

Abstract

This study analyzes simulated secondary (site) energy consumption before and after applying a series of building envelope retrofits to inform a prioritized list of retrofit options tailored to one of four single-family dwelling styles in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Four archetype homes were developed to represent Toronto’s existing urban housing stock: (1) 2-story century home; (2) wartime bungalow; (3) 1970s Ontario Building Code 2-story home; and a (4) 2-story modern house. Base case geometry and inputs were developed from a variety of sources, including a Canadian national database and modeled using the