Enhancing Solar Panel Efficiency Using Parallel Perforated Fin-Based Passive Cooling: A Simulation Study

Abstract

Abstract. The reliance on solar photovoltaic (PV) systems demands effective thermal management to mitigate efficiency losses caused by elevated module temperatures. Previous research investigated solid parallel fins, yet limited studies have explored perforated parallel fins. Hence, this study investigates the performance of perforated parallel fins as a passive cooling solution for monocrystalline solar panels, aiming to enhance heat dissipation through improved thermal convection by mitigating stagnation zones. A 36-cell PV module, with and without fins, was modeled in solidworks and underwent fluid flow analysis using the Flow Simulation library. Five variations of perforated fins were explored, differing in perforation diameter, count, and geometry, and compared with solid fins. Additionally, fin materials (aluminum, copper, and stainless steel) were evaluated to determine their influence on thermal performance. Simulation results were validated using a theoretical matlab model and empirical field data. Findings reveal that 10 mm diameter circular perforated fins in a 9 × 10 array achieved the lowest average module temperature of 50.79 °C corresponding to a −9.80% power efficiency loss, significantly outperforming solid fins (56.42 °C and −11.94% loss). Copper fins demonstrated superior thermal performance, but aluminum offered an optimal balance of conductivity, weight, and cost. Circular perforations cooled the cells by 1.59 °C and 2.13 °C more than square and triangular perforations, respectively. In conclusion, the results affirm perforated fins as an effective and sustainable passive cooling enhancement for PV systems, as aluminum perforated parallel fins cooled PV modules by 24.61 °C and 5.63 °C more than bare and solid parallel finned solar panels.