Analysis of Key Operating Parameters for Water Electrolysis Integrated With Offshore Wind Power

Abstract

Abstract. In this article, a systems model approach is used to analyze proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis integrated with offshore wind turbines. Using a validated matlab Simulink (Simscape) model, the effects of temperature, pressure, exchange current density, and membrane thickness on the polarization curve and hydrogen production rates were analyzed. The analysis incorporates a custom block for the membrane electrode assembly and a network of interconnected components. System components, such as the thermal liquid network, two separate moist air networks for hydrogen and oxygen flow, and a circulation pump for continuous water supply, are integrated into the modeling. Wind data are imported into Simulink to represent the offshore wind power supply. Comparative analysis of steady and intermittent power operations revealed that intermittent operation led to slightly reduced hydrogen production due to prolonged off periods. However, intermittent operation increased hydrogen production efficiency due to reduced loads. Part-load performance analysis highlighted declining efficiency at higher power levels, whereas lower power levels increased efficiency. Results also showed that higher temperatures and thinner membranes significantly reduced cell voltage and enhanced hydrogen production, while increased exchange current density improved efficiency by lowering activation overpotential. Pressure had a minimal effect on hydrogen production but slightly increased cell voltage. These findings provide insights for optimizing PEM electrolyzers in renewable energy systems.