Optimizing Pre- and Post-Operative Nursing Interventions Based on Biomechanical Properties Such as Human Movement and Tissue Force Transmission

Abstract

Abstract. The integration of biomechanics into nursing practice is vital for enhancing patient care, especially in surgical contexts. Surgical procedures significantly impact a patient's physical capabilities and recovery, necessitating evidence-based nursing strategies grounded in biomechanical principles to optimize outcomes. A narrative review was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL for articles published between 2010 and 2023. Keywords included “biomechanics,” “nursing interventions,” “pre-operative care,” “postoperative care,” and “human movement.” Studies were included if they focused on biomechanical applications in adult surgical nursing. Data were synthesized thematically to identify key intervention strategies and their outcomes. The review indicates that biomechanical principles directly inform personalized nursing interventions. Pre-operatively, tailored exercises improved lumbar range of motion (ROM) by 15% and quadriceps strength by 20% (p < 0.05). Postoperatively, biomechanics-guided pain management, posture optimization, and range of motion control reduced analgesic use by 40% and pressure sore incidence by 20%, and improved joint flexion by 15% with fewer movement-related overextension incidents. Furthermore, the application of biomechanical knowledge facilitated the development of structured postoperative mobility standards and informed equipment use (e.g., support belts, walkers) to enhance patient safety and nursing efficiency. Optimizing nursing interventions through biomechanical principles significantly improves postoperative recovery, reduces pain, and minimizes complications. To successfully implement this approach, specific recommendations are provided for clinical practice, nursing management, policy development, and professional education.