Integration of Smart Components in Poultry Farming: A Critical Review on Lighting, Sensing, and Automation Technologies

Abstract

Abstract. While the world population is increasing faster than ever, food consumption and demand are also increasing. To meet this fast-growing food demand, poultry and livestock industries, as well as the food processing industry, are expanding rapidly. In addition to the food industry, overall industrialization is advancing with state-of-the-art technologies, particularly artificial intelligence. With recent advancements in science and technology, every sector is adopting state-of-the-art technologies to improve performance at an affordable cost. Different sectors of agriculture are embracing the remarkable technological advancements offered by science. While these technological advancements offer innovations and opportunities, they also continue to produce new challenges. For instance, the extended industrialization of the modern era demands a continuous, uninterrupted supply of power, requiring energy-efficient, sustainable technologies so that maximum technological advantage can be achieved with the least energy use. This article focuses solely on modernizing poultry farming and explores the existing technologies for poultry lighting, sensing, and automation, highlighting their shortcomings. First, recent innovations in lighting technology and the effect of lighting on poultry birds are reviewed, followed by an analysis of poultry-specific lighting technologies along with numerous lighting fixtures, their unique features, and performance parameters. In the latter part, various sensing and automation technologies currently used in the poultry industry have been elaborated. Moreover, the technological gaps and future needs for poultry lighting, sensing, and automation are explicitly presented.